Preventing Back Injuries
Most of you have probably heard that in order to lift safely, you must lift properly. You are told to “bend your knees not your back,” and “don't twist as you lift.” This is good advice, but sometimes it seems to go against human nature. Yet, there are actions you can take to help you lift properly.
- Get as close to the load as possible. The further the load is from the centerline of your body, the greater the strain imposed on your back. If need be, squat down to lift the load and pull it between your legs. This gets it closer to the center of your body and helps prevent the need to bend at the waist. However, while your leg muscles are the largest muscles in your body, they are also the biggest energy consumers. Repeated squatting can be very fatiguing and reduces a person's ability to lift in this manner for any length of time. In addition to lifting the load, you are also hoisting the majority of your body weight. For repeated lifting, other strategies must be used.
- Avoid picking up heavy objects placed below your knees. Try to see that heavy objects are placed and stored above knee level and below shoulder level. If you suspect the load is too heavy to be lifted comfortably, do not chance it. Use a mechanical aid, break the load down into smaller parts, or get help. The most common cause of back injury is overloading.
- Keep your back straight. This means do not bend at the waist when reaching to lift an object. Keep the natural arch in your lower back, which distributes the load evenly over the surface of spinal disks and is less stressful than if the disk is pinched between vertebras. Bending principally from the hips is acceptable, if you maintain the arch in your back, rather than bending at the waist.
- Glue your hand to your thigh. If you carry a load in one hand, such as when carrying a toolbox, place your free hand on the outside of your thigh and mentally “glue” it into position. This will help you maintain correct back alignment rather than lifting and tilting to one side. When carrying a heavy load, side bending can be just as stressful to the spine as bending forward.
- Tighten your stomach muscles. This technique helps prevent your spine from twisting. If you lift a load and need to place it off to one side, turn by moving your feet. After repeated lifts, you might find yourself getting a bit sloppy and forgetting to move your feet. You can overcome this tendency if the place you set the load down is at least one step away from where it is lifted. If you wear a back support belt, wear it low on your trunk and loosen it when you are not lifting.
- Stay in good physical condition. A protruding stomach is an extra load carried away from the centerline of the body, and prevents you from keeping a lifted object close-the number one rule for back care. When you bend at the waist to lift, due to the leverage principal, the load is up to 10 times heavier than its actual weight. A “pot belly” puts extra, stressful weight on the spine.
- Stretch and loosen up before work. Research has shown that trunk flexibility and mobility is significantly lower in the morning, leading to an increase in the number and severity of back strains at this time. A few minutes of stretching can warm up cold stiff muscles and tendons and help you avoid an injury. All professional athletes know this – “industrial athletes” should too!
General Safety Review:
This is a time to review all safety concerns, not just today's topic
- Are you aware of any safety hazards from any other personnel? Are some personnel creating hazards that are putting other personnel at risk? If so, discuss what you intend to do to address the issue(s).
- Do we have any other safety business? Discuss any past issues or problems. Report on any progress of investigations and action taken.
- Have there been any accidents, near misses, or complaints? Discuss any that have happened since the last safety meeting.
- Recognize safety contributions made by employees.